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8 - Introduction - Section 1 Microrouter CNC Machine User's Manual

CNC refers to Computer Numerical Control, the automatic system used to control a

machine tool.

A Part Program is a list of coded instructions which describes how the designed

part, or component, will be manufactured. The part program is also referred to as

the CNC file, program, or G and M code program.

A G and M code is a series of letters and numbers that make up the language

used by CNC machinery.

Jargon Buster

1: What is CNC?

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) is the general term used for a

system which controls the functions of a machine using coded

instructions, processed by a computer. CNC machines are a very

important part of the modern manufacturing process. Indeed, many

of the different types of products you use everyday have been made

using some sort of CNC machine.

The CNC Manufacturing Process - Example.

The sequence shown below defines the main steps involved in

producing a component using a CNC system.

1) A part program is written using G and M codes. This describes

the sequence of operations that the machine must perform, in

order to manufacture the component.

2) The part program is loaded into the machines computer, called

the controller. At this stage, the program can still be edited or

simulated using the machine controller.

3) The machine controller processes the part program and sends

signals to the machine components. These direct the machine

through the required sequence of operations necessary to

manufacture the component.

What are the advantages of CNC?

CNC systems are automated and very accurate. Once

programmed, a CNC machine will perform repeat tasks until

instructed to stop. Each component produced will be exactly the

same size and shape, saving money on designing any jigs and

fixtures that might have otherwise been required.

Using CNC machines can reduce waste material, since a CNC

machine is much less likely to make an error than a human operated

machine. CNC machines can also run 24 hours a day, if necessary,

with no signs of fatigue.

Companies can estimate the manufacturing costs for CNC

production much more accurately, compared to a production line

with conventional production machines.

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